Unusually warm weather is established in several European countries. Austrian meteorologists recorded a new temperature record In cities in the south of Austria, the thermometer rose on Saturday to 32 degrees Celsius. Swimmer have already opened the swimming season. Thousands of people spend the weekend at water parks, public pools and beaches in the city.

Slightly cooler was in Poland - clear skies and 28 degrees Celsius. Locals say, such hot April was at least 10 years ago. 

A similar situation in Switzerland. There is also a plus 28, but the heat is easier cause of refreshing gusts up to 40 kilometers per hour. 

In Moscow, a new temperature record. Today's Sunday, April 29, was the hottest day of this month, more than 130-year history of meteorological observations.

Scientists have found that glaciers in the Karakoram mountain range in the Himalayas for the last time, not only reduced the amount of stored ice, but may even have increased in size. This occurred despite the fact that on average the world glaciers and ice caps are reduced in volume. The article was published in the journal Nature Geoscience.

Researchers compared data on mountain terrain in the area of more than 5000 square kilometers, obtained in 1999 and 2008. The first surveys were carried out using equipment installed on the space shuttle "Endeavour" and the second - French satellite SPOT5. 

As a result, researchers found that from 1999 to 2008 the Himalayan glaciers are on average increased in thickness to the amount of snow melted in the height of which would amount to a 11-33 centimeters.

Scientists are still difficult to say what caused this behavior. Graham Cogley, a glaciologist at the University of Trent in Peterborough (Ontario) believes that the authors took into account all the known problems associated with comparing different data sets. "There is no doubt that the glaciers of the Karakoram is not exhausted, but why it happens, we do not know," - commented on the results of the work done by Kenneth Hewitt, a geographer at the University of Waterloo, Wilfried Lurie at (Ontario).

Some data indicate that over the past 40 years, the climate became colder Himalayan despite global trend. According to the meteorological stations in the area of mining from 1960 to 2000 increased winter precipitation and decreased summer temperatures. During the same period the volume of local rivers fed by glaciers, decreased by 20 percent.

In early April, reported the start of the 2012 large-scale project on monitoring of Himalayan glaciers. The project has an international team of glaciologists are made twice a year, terrestrial and satellite measurements the glaciers.

In the 2007 annual report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said that the Himalayas free from snow by 2035 or sooner. Later, members of the commission recognized this error caused by a permutation of the digits in the date. There is should be 2350, instead of 2035.

NASA reports that on the night of 6 / 7 July from the Greenland glacier Jakobshavn broke the ice block area of 7 square kilometers, resulting in ice overnight retreat immediately at 1,5 km. 

It should be noted that over the past 160 years, the glacier retreated Yakobshavn 45 km, and over the past 10 years, just 10 kilometers. 

According to scientists, 10% of all "ice losses in Greenland falls on this glacier.Recall that the melting of Greenland would raise sea levels by 7 meters.

Environmentalists have found the main source of pollution of the stratosphere. A huge number of industrial emissions in China, India and Indonesia, are captured and carried away upwards by Indo-Asian monsoon circulation 

Scientists led by Dr. William Randell  from the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Colorado (USA) came to the conclusion that the air currents can rise from the surface of the earth to the stratosphere to a height of 50 kilometers by reason of the Indo-Asian monsoon circulation. The danger of the process lies in the fact that the circulation is located in the very unfortunate from the point of view of ecology - right above the industrial superpowers such as China, India and Indonesia. Therefore, in a completely natural process of atmospheric circulation "merge" the huge flows of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other industrial emissions that accumulate in the lower atmosphere. In the stratosphere, these substances may be in for a few years traveling around the globe. Many of them are destroying the ozone screen. 

Hydrocyanic acid in the atmosphere 

To find out how pollutants reach such heights, scientists within six years (from 2004 to 2009) watched daily by satellite the concentration of hydrocyanic acid in the different layers of the atmosphere. This substance, among others, is produced from the burning of biomass - trees and any other vegetation, explain the authors. 

Brewer-Dobson circulation

In fact, that the air from the troposphere can be released into the stratosphere, the scientists have learned a long time ago. Even in 1956, climatologists have found the circulation, which then was named in honor of the scientists for the first time describe it, - Brewer-Dobson circulation. It has ascending branches, they are mostly over the oceans in the tropics. These flows raised above the surface of the ocean and reach the upper stratosphere. 

Prussic acid 

This substance serves as such a marker, which indicates the direction of air flow. The fact is that over the ocean (just there, where he works Brewer-Dobson circulation), hydrocyanic acid, virtually no - it was all fallen in the ocean. Therefore, in the upper troposphere and stratosphere over the ocean, it cannot be. But over the land it should be. And indeed, there was prussic acid. And the only source of income could become Indo-Asian monsoon circulation. When the scientists followed up the activity within this anticyclone circulation, it appeared that part of the vortex was directed straight into the stratosphere. 

Especially high concentrations of prussic acid, satellite recorded in spring (March-May), when in Asia begin to burn vegetation to clear space for new agricultural land. At the same time begins and the monsoon circulation, which lasts the entire summer (until August). 

The research results of authors published in the issue of the journal Science on March 26, 2010